The Cotroni


 




The Cotroni crime family is a Mafia organization based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The territory controlled by the family once covered most of southern Quebec and Ontario, until the Rizzuto family supplanted them.[1] The FBI considers the family a branch of the Bonanno crime family;[1] however, Canadian law enforcement considers it a separate criminal organization.[citation needed]




Leaders of the Cotroni family included Vic Cotroni and Paolo Violi. The organization led by the Sicilian Nicolo Rizzuto eclipsed the Controni family in the late 1970s


 


 




The family was created by Vic Cotroni in the 1940s and by the 1950s the family evolved into an important branch of the Bonanno crime family and was involved in the French Connection. The family has kept ties with Mafia families in Italy and throughout the US and Canada. A internal war broke out between Sicilian and Calabrian factions in the 1970s.[4] This led to a violent mafia war in Montreal leading to the deaths of Paolo Violi (who was acting capo for Vic Cotroni) and others in the late 1970s. The war ended when Vic Cotroni the Calabrian leader had to let go the Sicilian faction led by Nicolo Rizzuto.




The Calabrian faction continued to operate after the late 1970s with Vic Cotroni as the boss until he died leaving his youngest brother Frank Cotroni as the boss.[5] The faction would lose more power in Quebec and operated in the shadow of the Sicilian faction led by Nicolo Rizzuto. Their leader Frank Cotroni died of cancer in August 2004 leaving the Rizzuto Sicilian faction as the most powerful crime family in Canada.


 




Paolo Violi (1933[1] âââ‰â¬Å January 22, 1978) was an Italian-Canadian mobster and underboss of the Bonanno crime family's faction in Montreal, the Cotroni crime family. The Violi and Cotroni families were from Calabria while the Rizzuto crime family, like the Bonannos, were from Sicily. This led to tension between Nicolo Rizzuto, an associate of Cotroni in Montreal, and the Violis, who were vying for control of the city's Mafia controlled drug market.[2]




Violi mistakenly allowed his house to be bugged by the Quebec Provincial Police. In retaliation, the Bonanno family sanctioned his assassination in Montreal.[citation needed]




A mob war in Montreal began with the murder of Pietro Sciara on Valentine's Day in 1976. Sciara was considered to be then mob boss Paolo Violi's consigliere and his body was left in the street after seeing the movie The Godfather II with his wife. On Feb. 8, 1977, two men murdered Francesco Violi, the younger brother of Paolo, in the family business. The family enforcer, his body was mutilated by several shotgun and pistol wounds. Paolo Violi was shot in the head at close range with a shotgun on January 22, 1978, in his cafe. The war ended on Oct. 17, 1980, when Rocco Violi, the last of the Violi brothers, was seated, for a family meal, at his kitchen table in his Montreal home when a single bullet from a sniper's rifle struck him dead. The Rizzuto organization subsequently took over Montreal.

NicolÃÆò Rizzuto:




The Story Behind the Man and the Mafia's Empire in Montreal




Isabelle Dufresne-Dub̮̩


 


 




Historians trace the origin of La Cosa Nostra, the Sicilian Mafia, back to 1838. Though its influence in Italy is intense, the reach of its power is worldwide. We might not know much about this secret organization, but the Mafia and its members exert a powerful control on the city of Montreal. As of late, important Mafia figures have been murdered in our midst, and numerous fires set ablaze in Italian coffee shops. These incidents and the assasination of NicolÃÆò Rizutto on November 10th 2010 aroused the attention of the press and the population of Montreal. It's becoming increasing apparent that poor provincial and federal regulations have allowed the Mafia to infiltrate the legal economy of Montreal to launder money from criminal activities. Montreal citizens are blissfully unaware of how much the Mafia affects them on a day-to-day basis, and how they unknowingly contribute to the prosperity of this clandestine organization. Read on to learn about the Mafia's history, code of conduct, customs, structure, impact on our lives and the strategies used by authorities to abolish this supremacy.


 


 




The History of the Montreal Mafia


 




The Mafia's history in Montreal, like all histories of conflict, is very complex. It is the classic tale of war between clans and battles to reach complete control. In the 1940s, many Italians immigrated to the urban regions of Canada because of World War II. Unfortunately, the massive waves of immigrants included many members of the Italian Mafia. In order to build a strong and structured empire of the Mafia in North America, five families put down roots in New York City, which eventually became their headquarters.  A few years later, the families assigned other divisions in major regions of Canada, including Montreal. The Rizutto clan is the most notorious in our city, and have been at the power for the last decades. However, the Cotronis maintained control over Montreal for many years before passing the reins to the Rizuttos. At that time, the Bonnano family, which was located in New York City, was responsible of the Montreal division and they elected the Cotronis (Vincenzo and Giuseppe) as a subset to their family.


 




NicolÃÆò Rizzuto only joined the Montreal Mafia in 1954 when he left his small village of Cattolica Eraclea in Sicily, Italy. The Rizuttos' history with the Mafia started in Italy when NicolÃÆò's dad, Vito Rizutto married Maria Renda, which was the sister of a Sicilian Mafia Don.


 




Even though crime was somewhat tolerated in Cattolica Eraclea, NicolÃÆò Rizzuto acquired a bad reputation of outlaw at an early age. With a career of thief starting at a young age, it was inevitable for NicolÃÆò to eventually get arrested. Actually, the first time NicolÃÆò got caught for his wrong doings was in 1945, while he was about to sell an important quantity of wheat on the black market (CÃÆédilot 50). When he turned 21, NicolÃÆò Rizutto married Libertina Manno, the daughter of a very affluent mafia boss in Italy named Don Antonino Manno. Therefore, when Nico married Libertina, he also married the mafia (CÃÆédilot 51). In 1952, the Rizutto family moved clandestinely to the United States, but they did not stay for a long time because they got sent back to Italy. Due to this failure, Rizutto moved to Venezuela where he lived for some time until he finally decided to return to Sicily.  At that point, he started procedures to immigrate legally to Canada. The Rizutto family decided to establish Montreal as their home because there was already a good Sicilian community settled in that part of Quebec, whereas the Calabrians preferred Ontario. Vito Rizzuto, one of NicolÃÆò's children married Giovanna Cammalleri, who gave him three children including NicolÃÆò born in 1967, named after his grandfather. Even though NicolÃÆò Senior was a very successful godfather of the Montreal Mafia, his predecessor, Vincenzo Cotroni also had a lucrative career with the Mafia.


 




Vincenzo Cotroni , the principal rival of Rizutto was born in 1911 in Calabria, located in the south of Italy. Cotroni dropped out of school at a very young age, but it never stopped him from being a very lucrative businessman either in legal and illegal business, such as prostitution, gambling and bookmaking (CÃÆédilot 56). When NicolÃÆò Rizutto arrived to Montreal, it did not take long for both clans to develop a strong rivalry.


 


 




Code of conduct and customs


 




Members of the Mafia are constrained in their actions by a strict code of conduct and customs which must be respected, otherwise severe sanctions are applied. In order to obtain special permissions, a Mafioso must seek the approval of a superior. To maintain a climate of order and obedience, the Mafia has a clearly defined code of conduct, which is carefully respected by every member, because the ultimate penalty is death (Ianni 148). In his book, A Family Business, Francis Ianni provides a summary of the first code of conduct of the Mafia written in 1892. There is also a revised version of the same code of conduct written in 1900, which still applies.


 


 




The Mafia Code


 




In 1892 the following mafia code was established:




1. Reciprocal aid in case of any need whatever.




2. Absolute obedience to the chief.




3. An offense received by one of the members to be considered an offense against all and avenged at any cost.




4. No appeal to the state's authorities for justice.  




5. No revelation of the names of members or any secrets of the association. (Ianni 136)


 




In 1900, the code was revised to include the following:




1. To help one another and avenge every injury of a fellow member.




2. To work with all means for the defense and freeing of any fellow member who has fallen into the hands of the judiciary.




3. To divide the proceeds of thievery, robbery and extortion with certain consideration for the needy as determined by the capo. 4. To keep the oath and maintain secrecy on pain of death within twenty-four hours. (Ianni 136)




In brief, this code explains the most important values of the Mafia, which are discretion, honor and cooperation. Likewise, in her book Mafia Brotherhoods, Letizia Paoli summarizes the main ideas related to the basic values of the Cosa Nostra. First, the clan fulfills the criterion of any Mafia's organization and follows its own rules and structures according to biological families (Paoli 16). Second, when they recruit new members in the organization, they require from the recruit complete devotion to their new cosa (band) and the elimination of any previous relationship with other allegiances. If necessary, the recruits have to be willing to sacrifice their own life for the good of the Mafia. This means that the mafia can always count on its members to be faithful and obedient until the end. These two rules provide an extreme power to the chiefs of the clans, because they can use their subordinates to fulfill their own personal goals. With the aid of a strict code of conduct, the Mafia can peacefully pursue their daily activities but, they carefully structure the organization to ensure a proper flow.


 


 




Structure of the Mafia


 




The structure and authority are crucial in the organization and can never be contested. The backbone of the structure of the Montreal Mafia in the 1940s was directly linked to the five families in New York City, which were the Genovese, Gambino, Lucchese, Colombo and Bonanno. These families operated the Mafia and controlled all the activities of the North American divisions. Subsequently, the Montreal Mafia was divided in two major branches, the Calabrian led by Cotroni and the Sicilian who eventually challenged the power of the Calabrian, led by Rizutto. However, they both had to report to the head chief of the Bonnano family in New York. When the Rizutto and other families arrived in Montreal, the Cotroni felt threatened.


 




A representative of the Cotroni's family, Paolo Violi, declared that the new families had to pass a five-year probation before being accepted by the Bonanno family and participating in the Mafia's activities. The Rizzuto did not like the restriction and NicolÃÆò, the leader of the Rizzuto, wanted to start his activities in Montreal right away. Because of this disagreement, NicolÃÆò Rizzuto and Paolo Violi became enemies. In fact, Violi complained about Rizzuto's attitude and lack of respect towards Cotroni and in return Rizzuto qualified the Montreal division of not being well organized. After long discussions about the Rizzuto case and its role in Montreal, higher ranked members decided that the Rizzuto clan was permitted to remain in Montreal and pursue their activities. Later on, nothing seemed to get better between the Sicilian and Calabrian; Rizzuto had had enough and ordered the killing of Paolo Violi in 1978. From that point on, the Rizzutos took over the control of the Montreal Mafia. The infighting among the Montreal mafia provoked a transfer of power from the Calabrians (Cotroni) to the Sicilians (Rizzuto). With the arrival of the Rizzuto, the Montreal Mafia became stronger and more organized than ever before and they even became more important than the Bonanno family in New York. Another important, albeit silent feature of the Mafia's structure is the role played by women in the organization.


 


 




Women in the Mafia


 




Although we often hear about Men of Honor, women also bring an important contribution to the prosperity of the Mafia. They never represent a public figure, they always stay in the background and their main role consists in tying strong bonds within the family. They raise their children by teaching them respect and obedience, which facilitates the cohesion in the clan when they grow up. Sometimes, women can also participate in various sorts of crimes. For example, the mother of NicolÃÆò Rizzuto Senior participated in the wheat black market (CÃÆédilot 50). One could think of the role of the women as superficial, but they are actually highly respected and necessary to the development of the Mafia. In the next excerpt, the author explains how women are almost considered as divine and it illustrates the crucial role they play.


 




The figure of women seems to be ambivalent; though they are socially subjugated by the power of "men", they represent power within the family organization through the function of matriarchy in deciding their children's future. The woman-mother can push her sons into committing any violent action (e.g., revenge) in order to perpetuate the ancient family culture and her daughters' futures as women-mothers capable of ensuring family integrity. (Fiandaca 95)


 




Basically, without women in the Mafia, the cohesion and discipline would not be as present and strong as it is now.


 




From another point of view, women have a vast ambivalence when it comes to the organization. In the following excerpt, the author explains that women are used strategically at all times: "Women become goods for exchange; as in the old aristocracy, the offer of virginal blood, when a woman marries a man from another family, consolidates new alliances and seal ties through blood relations. " (Fiandaca 94) This illustrates the fact that women do not hold any direct form of power and control in the organization, but without them, the Mafia would not be as organized and men would not have as much opportunities to create and maintain strong partnerships.


 




Finally, women fulfill many emotional functions in relation to the mafia:




They reinforce the bonds within members of the mafia families.




They play a crucial role in the educational and socializing processes.




They manage the religious education and institute the importance of the Church.




They participate strategically in the communication processes.




They provide a positive and respected image of the Mafia in general.




They provide equilibrium of normality in the organization.




They are the most relied on figures in case of emergencies.




They play a strategic role when it comes to avoiding troubles with authorities.




(Fiandaca p.75)


 




Women essentially occupy strategic and educational roles in the Mafia. They are necessary to the proper development of the organization.


 




The impact of the Mafia


 




The Mafia has an important impact on our lives. In fact, without being aware of it, everyone contributes to the prosperity of the organization. Throughout the years, the Mafia infiltrated the legal economy and gained power and control. For instance, the authorities have discovered that the Mafia has corrupted the construction industry (Gravel). The Mafia threatens many entrepreneurs over the phone by telling them not to bid on certain contract, otherwise they would get hurt. After receiving complaints, the police investigated and discovered the collusion in the industry and related it to the Mafia.


 




In order to gain such a huge control over the construction industry, the Mafia used constant corruption and violence for many years. On a regular basis, they decide who gets very important construction contracts and once they assign a contract to a certain contractor, the latter is forced to pay a 5 % cut off the contract (Gravel). Storage of such important quantities of cash often becomes one of the biggest problems incurred by the Mafia. In order to launder their dirty money and increase profits, the Mafia runs legal businesses such as restaurants, boutiques and used cars (Masson). Unfortunately, many citizens contribute everyday to the prosperity of the Mafia by buying their products in legal businesses.


 




Another alarming fact about the Mafia is their ease in importing and exporting drugs and illegal products through Canadian borders. At one point in time, the Mafia controlled the Dorval airport and many of its members worked at the airport to monitor the import and export of drugs, weapons and other illegal products. Any sellers interested in import or export had to notify the Mafia and pay a tax to ensure safe traveling of illegal substances. The tax paid by the seller could be an exchange of merchandise or monetary compensations. If the sellers were cooperative, they would avoid any troubles with the organization.


 




In order to increase profits on a regular basis, the Mafia charges a tax to many small entrepreneurs in Montreal in exchange of a promise that the latter will be allowed to peacefully operate their businesses. The pizzo tax is a tax paid to the Mafia to have a right to run a business (Masson).  It also protects the entrepreneurs from other criminal organizations.  If the owners of a business refuse to pay, the Mafia will either burn down the shop or use violence to convince them to disburse the sum required.    


 


 




The descending power of the Mafia


 




In the past decade, the Mafia has significantly lost power and control in Montreal. The Mafia has been hurt by police interventions and especially by the imprisonment of the head of the Montreal Mafia, Vito Rizutto. Two major interventions took place in 1994 and 2006 to eradicate the power of the Mafia. The first intervention, Op̮̩ration Compote, conducted in 1994 had for goal to stop the massive laundering of money made by many members of the Mafia. Undercover police officers set up a fictive bank to attract the Mafiosi looking to launder money (C̮̩dilot 167). During the investigation, the Mafia transferred over 165 million dollars of drug money. In August 1994, the police arrested 46 mafiosi in relation to tax evasion.


 




The second intervention, called OpÃÆération ColisÃÆée, necessitated 700 police officers, who started the arrests at six o'clock on the morning of November 22nd, 2006.  On that day, they arrested 73 out of the 90 suspects wanted. NicolÃÆò Rizutto was among the 73 members arrested, along with Paolo Renda, Rocco Sollecito, Francesco Arcadi, Francesco Del Balso and Lorenzo Giordano, all very important members of the Sicilian mafia. The main charges consisted of gangsterism, import and export of marijuana, illegal gambling, corruption and tax evasion. Besides massive arrests, the police also seized over 6 million dollars, 800 kilos of cocaine and 40 kilos of marijuana (CÃÆédilot 342).


 




In addition to the numerous arrests of 1994 and 2006, Vito Rizutto, the head of the Mafia, was imprisoned in 2004 in United States where he still is since he pleaded guilty to a triple murder he had committed back in 1981 in New York City. Not only had they lost the head of the Mafia, but also important figures of the Montreal Mafia were murdered in the past year. In December 2009, NicolÃÆò Rizutto Jr., Vito's son was murdered in Montreal in the middle of the day. Since then, the police has been trying to find the murderer without success. NicolÃÆò Rizutto Jr. was supposed to take the lead of the Mafia in following years, since his father was in jail.  Also, Paolo Renda got kidnapped in May 2010 and Agostino Cuntrera was murdered in June 2010. They were both very close acolytes of NicolÃÆò Rizutto.    


 




Because of all the attacks on the Sicilian clan, NicolÃÆò Rizzuto Sr. was scared for his life. In fact, NicolÃÆò was shot by a sniper on November 10, 2010. The Godfather of the Montreal Mafia was murdered in front of his wife and daughter in his kitchen while having supper. The crime is still under investigation and police authorities have not yet found the murderer.


 




Many hypotheses have been mentioned, such as street gangs or other Mafia clans. However the way NicolÃÆò was murdered goes against the Mafia's standards. In fact, it is very unusual for Mafiosi to kill someone in front of the victims' family. Usually, murders occurred in public places without the presence of family members, like the murder of NicolÃÆò Sr.'s grandson, NicolÃÆò Rizzuto Jr. Another factor contributing to the decrease of power in the mafia is infightings among different clans.


 




The most important infighting occurred when Rizutto fought to gain power of the Montreal division. More recently, the murder of Nick Rizutto raised suspicion in regards to a new fight between the Sicilians and Calabrians. However, the probabilities are very minimal since the Mafia has learned to work in teams, instead of against each others (Myles Le Devoir).


 




The Mafia suffers from serious threats from other criminal organizations, which are trying to gain power, territory and control over the illegal businesses in Montreal. In the past year, many coffee shops in the North of Montreal have been attacked with Molotov cocktails. One hypothesis of the possible instigators are street gangs. Since the murders and imprisonment of important figures of the Mafia, street gangs have been trying to enlarge their territories and strengthen their power in Montreal. When Vito Rizutto got arrested in 2004, he claimed to be a peacekeeper in Montreal. According to him, he was the only one able to maintain order between the Mafia, street gangs and biker gangs. Vito said that the streets of Montreal would become epic without his supervision. Besides street gangs, the Mafia is also threatened by biker gangs, such as the Hells Angels. In fact, all criminal organizations are constantly fighting to gain territory and increase their profit. Once again, because of the big hits on the Mafia, other organizations are trying to be opportunistic and take advantage of the present weaknesses of the Cosa Nostra. However the Hells Angels have also been hurt by police interventions in the past years, so the main threats of the Mafia remain the street gangs.


 


 




Conclusion


 




In conclusion, the Mafia was able to build an empire in Montreal without arising suspicion. The origin of the current Montreal mafia is in Italy, both from Sicily and Calabria. The structure of the Mafia is the best organized out of any other criminal organizations in Canada. Members of the Mafia are all confined to secrecy and blind obedience. The impact of the Mafia is enormous, but discrete, in Montreal. However, authorities are looking into the Mafia's activities and are discovering proofs in order to proceed to many more arrests. Hopefully, in a near future the Mafia will be tamed, weakened and will stop invading our economy with tax evasion, fraud and illegal gambling.  However, maybe we should expect an increase in violence due to the empowerment of street gangs and bikers.

Montreal Port is the central point where drugs are bring in america and Montreal is very close to New york


 




and smuggling  Canada to  USA origine into the prohibition.


 




By the 1920s The United States and the provinces within Canada had adopted laws collectively known as prohibition, forbidding the sale of alcohol.


 




It was during that era that North America gave birth to some of the largest crime syndicates, the most vicious criminals, and the American Mafia leaders Al Capone, Bugs Moran, Johnny Torrio, The Purple Gang, and Peter Licavoli, who became household names.


 




For the Mafia and the gangsters, prohibition meant employment, easy money, good times, shiny new cars, and new suits.


 




The Mafia's tainted profits from bootlegging far exceeded that from prostituting, loan sharking, bookmaking, extorting and other racketeering.


 




Thus, in part, the action of Prohibition facilitated the atmosphere that the Mafia was exploiting; it financially enriched the Mafia, allowing its activities to fester, and it developed and fed the them a new network of associates, enabling the Mafia's overall influence to grow. Less than a year after prohibition after the legislation was enacted, more than 900,000 cases of liquor were being shipped to the border cities for what was allowed as private consumption.


 




In the area of Windsor, Ontario Canada alone, the per capita consumption of liquor increased from a pre- 1914 level of 9 gallons to a staggering 102 gallons by 1924 while it was technically illegal to drink.


 




This mass consumption created a high demand for liquor products and the Mafia in Canada and in The United States was able to provide for this through numerous interconnected and highly efficient transport methods.




Liquor was transported from the province of Ontario, Canada into the states in America which bordered Canada; including Michigan, Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota along the Detroit River.


 




Criminal gangs developed methods to speed up the delivery of contraband liquor and to avoid the jeopardy of the organized effort. The Mafia in North America carried out their operations on a national or corporate scale employing a system that worked like clockwork.


 




One group arranged the purchase of liquor at the export docks along the river, another crew transported the liquor across to a designated location; a third team quickly picked up the cases of whiskey and transported them to warehouses and later another arranged the shipments to speakeasies in Detroit, Chicago and other Midwestern cities. A favorite tactic of the Mafia was hijacking other gangsâââ‰â¢ booze shipments or forcing rivals to pay them for âââ¬Ãâprotectionâââ¬

Ghost of the past


 




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Someone like pichi_de witch a new member, why would he stay Hiden from people for hours now, it kind of suspicious

Organized crime has been officially defined by the Canadian police as "two or more persons consorting together on a continuing basis to participate in illegal activities, either directly or indirectly, for gain"; it has been defined by a former US organized crime boss as "just a bunch of people getting together to take all the money they can from all the suckers they can. Organized crime is a chain of command all the way from London to Canada, the US, Mexico, Italy, France, everywhere."




KEYWORDS


 




Crime




There is much more to organized crime in Canada and the US than the Italian criminal association known as the Mafia, Cosa Nostra or Honoured Society. In North America, just about every major national or ethnic group and every segment of society has been involved in organized crime. American criminologist Dr Francis Ianni has developed a theory explaining how organized criminal activity is developed and passed on in North America from one ethnic group to another, based on the length of time the group has been in North America, the language and cultural knots that bind the group, and the degree to which the group's members have been assimilated into the prevailing society.




For a long time many scholars and academics did not believe organized crime was highly structured or capable of sophisticated operations. Their scepticism derived partly from a reaction to the Hollywood portrayal of the Mafia from the 1930s to the 1950s, typified in its treatment of Al Capone ("Scarface"), and partly from the fact that documented, scholarly studies and books on organized crime did not exist.




All this changed because of the breakup of a national meeting in November of 1957 of several dozens of Mafia leaders in Appalachin, NY, and of the revelations at the US Senate "Valachi" (a Mafia soldier) hearings in 1963; because of the documentary evidence from police wiretaps and bugs in the 1970s, which allowed police to listen to Mafia leaders discussing their hierarchy and operations in both the US and Canada; and partly because of the establishment of the American Witness Protection Program, by which Mafia defectors and informers could build a new life.




Through various court cases and royal commissions and through television and newspaper expos̮̩s, the existence of a highly organized criminal network in Canada became known to the Canadian public in the late 1970s. In 1984 a joint federal-provincial committee of justice officials estimated that organized crime in Canada took in about $20 billion annually, almost $10 billion of which was from the sales of narcotics. (There is no way of estimating, however, the amount of dirty funds that are "laundered" in Canada by members of organized crime in the US and other foreign countries (see UNDERGROUND ECONOMY). The committee was formed in response to a 1980 report on organized crime by the BC attorney general's office, which claimed that organized crime figures in Canada had interests in the textile industry, cheese industry, building industry, disposal industry, vending-machine companies, meat companies, home-insulation companies, autobody shops and car dealerships, among others. The joint committee calculated that the sources of organized crime revenues could be broken down as follows: PORNOGRAPHY, PROSTITUTION, bookmaking, gaming houses, illegal LOTTERIES, other GAMBLING offences, loansharking and extortion, which together brought in hundreds of millions of dollars.




Other activities, such as WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES (eg, insurance and construction frauds and illegal bankruptcies), arson, bank robberies, motor vehicle thefts, computer crimes and counterfeit in credit cards raised the estimate to $10 billion; drugs accounted for the rest.

That i found and it very fun it more of a mind game


 




It in french and english


 




http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.c ... /index.php

Vincent Cotroni
(1911-19 septembre 1984) dit Vic (l'Ãâ¦Ã¢â¬â¢uf) est considÃÆérÃÆé comme l'un des fondateurs de la mafia montrÃÆéalaise ainsi que son chef incontestÃÆé pendant plus de trente ans.




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NÃÆé ÃÆà Mammola en Calabre, Vincent Cotroni (Vincenzo en italien) est le fils de Nicodemo, un menuisier qui a immigrÃÆé ÃÆà MontrÃÆéal en 1924 avec ses sept enfants. Il est l'aÃÆînÃÆé, les trois autres fils se nommant Giuseppe (dit Peppe), Frank et Michel. Il travaille d'abord comme aide-menuisier pour son pÃÆère puis fait la connaissance d'Armand Courville qui l'initie ÃÆà la lutte professionnelle1. Il se fait un nom dans ce sport pendant les annÃÆées 1930 et y gagne son surnom de Vic. Durant la mÃÆême pÃÆériode, il se fait parfois arrÃÆêter pour vols, possession de fausse monnaie, vente illÃÆégale de boisson ainsi que coups et blessures. Mais il ne reste pas longtemps en prison et les charges sont souvent abandonnÃÆées faute de preuves suffisantes.




ÃÆâ⬠partir de 1942, il se lance dans les affaires. Avec son associÃÆé, Armand Courville, il fait l'acquisition du bar Le CafÃÆé Royal, situÃÆé dans ce que l'on appelait alors le Red Light de MontrÃÆéal. Deux ans plus tard, il achÃÆète un autre bar, Le CafÃÆé Val d'Or, dont il change le nom (en 1947) en Cabaret Au Faisan DorÃÆé et qui devient, dans les annÃÆées qui suivent, le cabaret le plus cÃÆélÃÆèbre du pays. Il fait en effet venir des personnalitÃÆés aussi connues que Charles Aznavour, Tino Rossi et Bourvil, qui y donnent des prestations. Des artistes quÃÆébÃÆécois commencent ÃÆégalement ÃÆà y faire carriÃÆère. Citons Jacques Normand, Roger Baulu, Jean Rafa, Denise Filiatrault, Gilles Pellerin et Fernand Gignac. Sous une faÃÆçade respectable, le Faisan DorÃÆé, situÃÆé au coin de la rue Sainte-Catherine et du boulevard Saint-Laurent, se transforme vite en l'un des hauts lieux de la pÃÆègre locale. En 1945, Cotroni achÃÆète ÃÆégalement un immeuble sur la rue de Bullion qui devient le cercle des jeux clandestins les plus primÃÆés de la ville.




Cotroni se rapproche aussi du parti libÃÆéral et devient l'un de ses organisateurs politiques pendant les campagnes ÃÆélectorales. Il est alors connu pour engager des videurs qui ont la charge de faire sortir le vote, de servir de gardes du corps ÃÆà certains candidats et parfois de perturber les meetings des partis adversaires.


 




En 1954, Joseph Bonanno, l'un des cinq parrains de la mafia newyorkaise, dÃÆécide de prendre le contrÃÆôle du crime organisÃÆé ÃÆà MontrÃÆéal et y envoie son second, Carmine Galante, afin de s'en occuper. Le contrÃÆôle se fait pacifiquement. Vincent Cotroni, Luigi Greco et les autres chefs mafieux acceptent de se placer sans protester sous l'autoritÃÆé de la famille Bonanno3. Galante y dirige les affaires jusqu'en 1958, mais est arrÃÆêtÃÆé cette annÃÆée pour trafic d'hÃÆéroÃÆïne, ÃÆà peu prÃÆès en mÃÆême temps que Giuseppe Cotroni, le frÃÆère de Vincent. Les deux hommes passeront de nombreuses annÃÆées en prison avant d'ÃÆêtre libÃÆérÃÆés au dÃÆébut des annÃÆées 19704.




D̮̬s lors, c'est Cotroni qui prend les affaires en main, et les Bonanno acceptent de lui faire confiance. Ses activit̮̩s sont tellement discr̮̬tes qu'il ne fera aucune manchette de journaux avant 1966. Il dirige la vente de stup̮̩fiants et les r̮̩seaux de prostitution du pays. William O'Bront, un magnat qui a fait sa fortune dans le commerce de la viande, lui sert de banquier pour faire ses blanchiments d'argent5.




C'est en 1966 que le public entend parler de Cotroni pour la premiÃÆère fois lorsque le magazine ontarien Maclean publie une sÃÆérie d'articles sur la mafia canadienne et place Vic Cotroni ÃÆà sa tÃÆête6. Celui-ci dÃÆécide de poursuivre la revue pour 1 725 000 $ et le procÃÆès a lieu en 1972. Cotroni y tÃÆémoigne. Il dÃÆéclare au juge qu'il ne sait ni lire ni ÃÆécrire, qu'il a ÃÆétÃÆé honnÃÆête toute sa vie et qu'il a fait sa fortune en misant sur les courses de chevaux. Il avoue ses peccadilles des annÃÆées 1930 mais affirme que les dons qu'il fait aux ÃÆéglises de MontrÃÆéal et aux organismes de charitÃÆé peuvent ÃÆà son avis suffire ÃÆà lui faire pardonner ses frasques anciennes. Le juge, qui n'a aucune preuve qu'il s'agit du parrain montrÃÆéalais mais qui est sceptique quant ÃÆà ses affirmations, consent ÃÆà ce que le Maclean lui donne 2 $ comme compensation, 1 $ pour la version anglophone et 1 $ pour la version francophone.


 




Au milieu des annÃÆées 1970, les activitÃÆés de Cotroni sont perturbÃÆées par la Commission d'enquÃÆête sur le crime organisÃÆé (CECO) crÃÆéÃÆée par le gouvernement Bourassa. Il passe devant les juges enquÃÆêteurs le 30 novembre 1973 et y nie ÃÆêtre le Parrain8. Deux ans plus tard, cependant, la CECO met au jour un rÃÆéseau de distribution de viande avariÃÆée dans lequel il a ÃÆétÃÆé impliquÃÆé. Lui et William O'Bront avaient crÃÆéÃÆé la Reggie Food dans les annÃÆées 1960, et cette compagnie ÃÆétait devenue le distributeur attitrÃÆé de viande pour Expo 679. Les deux hommes en avaient profitÃÆé pour y refiler de la viande avariÃÆée, ce qui ne s'est sÃÆû que plusieurs annÃÆées plus tard. Obront est condamnÃÆé mais Cotroni, une fois de plus, n'est pas inquiÃÆétÃÆé, faute de preuves suffisantes.




Entretemps, vieillissant, il a commencÃÆé ÃÆà organiser sa succession. Il divise d'abord ses responsabilitÃÆés en quatre ÃÆéquipes dirigÃÆées par son frÃÆère Frank, Nicolas Dilorio, Luigi Greco et Paolo Violi10. Trouvant probablement son frÃÆère trop imprÃÆévisible, il lui prÃÆéfÃÆère Paolo Violi, un Calabrais de Toronto qui s'est installÃÆé ÃÆà MontrÃÆéal au dÃÆébut des annÃÆées 1970. Celui-ci devient petit ÃÆà petit le numÃÆéro 2 de l'organisation car il lui revient le droit de gÃÆérer de plus en plus les affaires quotidiennes11.




ÃÆâ⬠la fin des annÃÆées 1970, la guerre ÃÆéclate entre les Calabrais de Violi et le clan sicilien, dirigÃÆé par Nicolo Rizzuto et son fils Vito. Violi et ses frÃÆères sont assassinÃÆés les uns aprÃÆès les autres et les Rizzuto parviennent ÃÆà prendre le contrÃÆôle de l'organisation12. Cotroni ne semble pas avoir pris parti, ce qui fait qu'il n'est pas inquiÃÆétÃÆé.




Vincent Cotroni meurt d'un cancer le mercredi 19 septembre 1984. Une bonne partie des chefs mafiosos d'Italie et des ÃÆââ¬Â°tats-Unis assistent ÃÆà ses funÃÆérailles dont le cortÃÆège funÃÆèbre est composÃÆé de 33 corbillards garnis de bouquets et de couronnes de fleurs.


 




Frank Cotroni
(1931 - 2004) ÃÆétait un capo de la mafia de MontrÃÆéal au Canada, rattachÃÆé ÃÆà la famille Bonanno de New York.




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Il est le frÃÆère de Vic Cotroni et de Pepe Cotroni, originaires de Calabre en Italie. Ses problÃÆèmes avec la loi commencent ÃÆà la fin des annÃÆées 1960 lorsque ses hommes ratent une braquage de banque.




Cotroni parle mieux le fran̮̤ais et l'anglais que l'italien. Son int̮̩gration dans le milieu criminel canadien-fran̮̤ais ̮̩tait une exception dans le monde de la mafia. Il est bient̮̫t activement rechercḫ̩ par la police pour des affaires d'extorsion contre un r̮̩sidant grec en 1972. Son clan est impliqu̮̩ dans des luttes contre Richard Blass.




Il intervient dans l'attentat contre le journaliste Jean-Pierre Charbonneau en 1973. ÃÆâ⬠la mÃÆême ÃÆépoque, il fut rÃÆévÃÆélÃÆé dans la Commission d'enquÃÆête sur le crime organisÃÆé que son clan entretenait des liens avec les ministres libÃÆéraux Guy Leduc et Pierre Laporte.




Cotroni est arrÃÆêtÃÆé pour un trafic de drogue en 1974. Son dessein ÃÆétait d'importer trois millions de dollars de cocaÃÆïne en sol amÃÆéricain par le Mexique. Les autoritÃÆés canadiennes le dÃÆécrivent comme le dirigeant de la branche canadienne de la famille Bonanno dans une enquÃÆête provinciale publiÃÆée en 1976.




La Cour suprÃÆême du Canada l'envoie aux ÃÆââ¬Â°tats-Unis oÃÆù il doit purger une peine de quinze ans de prison. Cependant, il est relÃÆâchÃÆé en 1979, soit ÃÆà un tiers de sa peine.




Actif dans le milieu de la boxe, il avait dÃÆéveloppÃÆé des liens avec la famille Hilton dans les annÃÆées 1980. De nouveau, il est recherchÃÆé en 1983 pour une affaire de trafic de 5 000 dollars d'hÃÆéroÃÆïne alors qu'il est associÃÆé avec le criminel RÃÆéal Simard.




En 1984, il apprend la mort de son frÃÆère Vic Cotroni alors qu'il est ÃÆà la prison Parthenais. Ses fils Francesco Cotroni et Paolo Cotroni sont eux-aussi impliquÃÆés dans le milieu mafieux. Paolo Cotroni pÃÆérira dans une affaire de vengeance, le meurtrier connu sous le nom de Alpha Moh est trÃÆès connu du milieu policier.




De nouveau emprisonnÃÆé pour huit ans ÃÆà la fin des annÃÆées 1980, il sort et bÃÆâtit un rÃÆéseau criminel vers la Colombie. Une enquÃÆête de la police italienne met fin ÃÆà sa libertÃÆé.




En raison de sa vieillesse, on lui permet de sortir de la prison de Laval, mais il rompt les conditions qui lui sont dictÃÆées. Son dernier projet ÃÆétait d'amener 180 kg de cocaÃÆïne au Canada. En consÃÆéquence, il est arrÃÆêtÃÆé pour quelques mois en 2002.


 




Son dernier geste public a ̮̩t̮̩ de publier son livre de recettes en 2003. Les m̮̩dias rapportent qu'il souffre de troubles cardiovasculaires.




Il est d̮̩c̮̩d̮̩ d'un cancer du cerveau en septembre 2004.




Ses funÃÆérailles ont ÃÆétÃÆé tenues ÃÆà l'ÃÆââ¬Â°glise de Notre-Dame-de-la-DÃÆéfense dans le quartier de la petite Italie. 400 personnes ÃÆétaient prÃÆésentes, et il y avait des dizaines de limousines. RenÃÆé AngÃÆélil, Claude Blanchard, MichÃÆèle Richard et Dino Tavarone ont envoyÃÆé des fleurs. Plusieurs policiers ÃÆétaient prÃÆésents lorsque soixante-treize colombes ont ÃÆétÃÆé relÃÆâchÃÆées.

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[align=center:3cxthsm0][youtube:3cxthsm0][/youtube:3cxthsm0][/align:3cxthsm0]

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Trainers, some for STEAM


 


 




Trainers for steam


 




Trainers for steam


 




Another one for steam

I'n no good with SDS tools (rick,s tools) and i need a file to be assemble.




Je suis m̮̩diocre avec l'assemblage de fichiers SDS et je voudrais assembler ce fichier.


 




http]

File sharing site Megaupload has been shut down. Employees may face prosecution.

Le film: :mad:



 









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La r̮̩alit̮̩:
SPVM  Service Police Ville MontrÃÆéal


 




http://www.cyberpresse.ca/actualites/qu ... a-prix.php

I created an animation my way  :whistle:  :whistle:  :whistle:  :whistle:


 




Look at the car the light are flashing




look at the gangster coat moving at the beat of his walk




some light flashing in some building and all city light


 


 




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[align=center:330yefri]I just reach level 63 in the book of wisdom[/align:330yefri]


 


 


 




[align=center:330yefri]artfest-book-of-wisdom-21.jpg[/attachment:330yefri][/align:330yefri]


 


 




[align=center:330yefri]And fo that i just want to Celebrate[/align:330yefri]


 




[align=center:330yefri]




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that your signature


 




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[/img]

[align=center:322d5tvm]I found a great program where you can make a show of your art work




before lauching the car, it a 3 d presentation


 




Aurora 3D Presentation 2011
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[align=center:1liwksn3]Tout le monde connait jean de Lafontaine et ses fables![/align:1liwksn3]


 




voila j'ai d̮̩cid̮̩ de changer quelques mots ca rend lHistoire plus cr̮̩dible em 2012


 


 




Mą̮tre Corbeau, sur un arbre percḫ̩,




Tenait en son bec un un sac de d̮̩pot




Mafieu Renard, par l'odeur de l'argent affol̮̩,




Lui tint ÃÆà peu prÃÆès ce langage :




"HÃÆé ! salut, Mec  Corbeau.




Que vous ̮̻tes joli ! que vous me semblez beau !




Sans mentir, si tu slams




Aussi bien que tu te fringues




Tu es le Pḫ̩nix des ḫ̫tes de ces rues."




A ces mots le Corbeau ne se sent pas de joie ;




Et pour montrer sa belle voix,




Il ouvre un large bec, laisse tomber le magot.




Le Mafieu Renard s'en saisit, et dit : "tiens le con,




Apprend que tout flatteur




Vit aux d̮̩pens de celui qui l'̮̩coute :




Cette le̮̤on vaut bien un gros lot, sans doute. "




Le Corbeau, honteux et confus,




Jura, mais un peu tard, qu'on ne l'y prendrait plus.


 




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